Siti preistoriċi bil-puntali madwar l-Alpi
Is-Siti preistoriċi bil-puntali madwar l-Alpi huma sensiela ta’ insedjamenti preistoriċi (jew djar) bil-puntali fl-Alpi jew madwar iż-żona tal-Alpi li nbnew bejn il-5000 u l-500 Q.K. fix-xtut tal-lagi u tax-xmajjar jew fl-artijiet mistagħdra. Fl-2011, 111-il sit li jinsabu mifruxin fl-Iżvizzera (56), fl-Italja (19), fil-Ġermanja (18), fi Franza (11), fl-Awstrija (5), u fis-Slovenja (2) tniżżlu fil-lista tas-Siti ta’ Wirt Dinji tal-UNESCO.[1] Fis-Slovenja, iż-żewġ siti preistoriċi kienu l-ewwel Sit ta’ Wirt Dinji kulturali.[2]
Mill-iskavi li twettqu f’uħud mis-siti nstabet evidenza rigward il-ħajja preistorika u l-mod kif il-komunitajiet tal-qedem kienu jinteraġixxu mal-ambjent tagħhom fiż-Żmien Neolitiku u fi Żmien il-Bronż fl-Ewropa Alpina. Dawn l-insedjamenti huma grupp uniku ta’ siti arkeoloġiċi kulturali li huma ppreservati pjuttost tajjeb, li jikkostitwixxu wieħed mill-iktar sorsi importanti għall-istudju tas-soċjetajiet agrarji bikrin fir-reġjun.[1]
Kuntrarjament għat-twemmin komuni, l-insedjamenti bil-puntali ma kinux mibnija fuq l-ilma iżda fuq l-art bassasa fil-qrib. Kienu mibnija fuq il-puntali biex ikunu protetti kontra l-għargħar okkażjonali. Minħabba li l-lagi kibru fid-daqs tagħhom tul is-snin, ħafna mill-puntali oriġinali issa jinsabu taħt l-ilma, li spiss iwasslu biex l-osservaturi moderni jkollhom l-impressjoni żbaljata li minn dejjem kienu hekk.[1]
Siti
[immodifika | immodifika s-sors]| Pajjiż | Numru serjali tal-ID | Isem | Post | Koordinati | Daqs tal-post (ha) | Żona ta’ lqugħ (ha) | Data Appross. li kienu okkupati (Q.K.) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Żvizzera | 1363-001 | Ägelmoos | Beinwil am See | 47°16′43.047″N 8°12′27.44″E | 0.96 | 10.5 | 2000-1000 |
| Żvizzera | 1363-002 | Riesi | Seengen | 47°19′6.532″N 8°12′14.29″E | 3.8 | 16.5 | 1500-500 |
| Żvizzera | 1363-003 | Vingelz / Hafen | Biel/Bienne | 47°7′55.585″N 7°13′24.3″E | 0.6 | 18.4 | 3000-2500 |
| Żvizzera | 1363-004 | Dorfstation | Lüscherz | 47°2′55.464″N 7°9′0.22″E | 3.4 | 75.1 | 4000-3500, 3000-2500, 1000-500 |
| Żvizzera | 1363-005 | Lobsigensee | Seedorf | 47°1′58.487″N 7°17′59.989″E | 1.1 | 27.6 | 3500-3000 |
| Żvizzera | 1363-006 | Rütte | Sutz-Lattrigen | 47°6′18.364″N 7°12′46.78″E | 2.8 | 49.6 | 3000-2500 |
| Żvizzera | 1363-007 | Bahnhof | Twann | 47°5′43.915″N 7°9′27.74″E | 2.5 | 18.5 | 4000-3000 |
| Żvizzera | 1363-008 | Strandboden | Vinelz | 47°2′21.059″N 7°6′33.56″E | 2.3 | 28.7 | 4000-2500 |
| Żvizzera | 1363-009 | Les Grèves | Gletterens | 46°54′19.098″N 6°55′46.37″E | 2.62 | 2.4 | 3500-3000 |
| Żvizzera | 1363-010 | Spitz | Greng | 46°55′21.014″N 7°5′25.93″E | 7.69 | 7.3 | 4000-3500, 3000-2500, 1500-500 |
| Żvizzera | 1363-011 | Môtier I | Haut-Vully | 46°57′0.889″N 7°5′19.87″E | 1.42 | 1.3 | Neolitiku |
| Żvizzera | 1363-012 | Segelboothafen | Murten | 46°55′47.323″N 7°6′48.28″E | 2.83 | 4.7 | 3000-2500 |
| Żvizzera | 1363-013 | En Praz des Gueux | Prez | 46°47′39.2″N 7°2′12.7″E | 0.08 | 2.02 | 4000-3500 |
| Żvizzera | 1363-014 | Bellerive I | Collonge-Bellerive | 46°15′12.03″N 6°11′25.6″E | 2.4 | 8.87 | 1000-500 |
| Żvizzera | 1363-015 | Port | Corsier | 46°16′5.61″N 6°12′37.7″E | 1.94 | 10.9 | 4000-3500, 3000-2500, 2000-1500, 1000-500 |
| Żvizzera | 1363-016 | Bourg | Versoix | 46°16′52.29″N 6°10′14.63″E | 3.03 | 15.93 | 1500-500 |
| Żvizzera | 1363-017 | Egolzwil 3 | Egolzwil | 47°10′56.55″N 8°0′59.36″E | 0.65 | 56.82 | 5000-4000 |
| Żvizzera | 1363-018 | Seematte | Hitzkirch | 47°12′58.48″N 8°15′15.2″E | 2.81 | 24.55 | 4000-2500 |
| Żvizzera | 1363-019 | Halbinsel | Sursee | 47°10′13.13″N 8°7′28.27″E | 3.55 | 67.78 | 4000-3500, 2500-500 |
| Żvizzera | 1363-020 | Port-Conty | Saint-Aubin-Sauges | 46°53′25.42″N 6°46′14.73″E | 1.04 | 7.03 | 4000-2000 |
| Żvizzera | 1363-021 | Les Argilliez | Gorgier | 46°54′11.8″N 6°47′23.61″E | 1.32 | 1.2 | 4000-3500 |
| Żvizzera | 1363-022 | L’Abbaye 2 | Bevaix | 46°55′34.54″N 6°49′50.56″E | 1.04 | 5.01 | 1040-986 |
| Żvizzera | 1363-023 | La Saunerie | Milvignes | 46°58′14.3″N 6°52′17.78″E | 1.51 | 1.63 | 4000-3500, 3000-2000 |
| Żvizzera | 1363-024 | Les Graviers | Milvignes | 46°58′22.45″N 6°52′29.99″E | 0.57 | 2.13 | 3500-2500, 2000-1500, 1000-500 |
| Żvizzera | 1363-025 | Kehrsiten | Stansstad | 47°0′7.92″N 8°21′58.65″E | 1.26 | 5.14 | 4000-3000 |
| Żvizzera | 1363-026 | Weier I - III | Thayngen | 47°44′10.11″N 8°42′16.02″E | 0.48 | 3.44 | 4000-3500 |
| Żvizzera | 1363-027 | Freienbach–Hurden Rosshorn | Hurden | 47°13′10.38″N 8°48′24.6″E | 4.32 | 20.1 | 3500-3000, 2000-500 |
| Żvizzera | 1363-028 | Freienbach–Hurden Seefeld | Hurden | 47°12′43.05″N 8°48′8.22″E | 2.4 | 16.12 | 3500-2500 |
| Żvizzera | 1363-029 | Burgäschisee Ost | Aeschi | 47°10′7.33″N 7°40′20.48″E | 0.3 | 90.69 | 4000-3500, 3000-2500 |
| Żvizzera | 1363-030 | Inkwilersee Insel | Bolken/Inkwil | 47°11′55.23″N 7°39′45.79″E | 0.1 | 45.71 | 4000-3500, 3000-2500, 1000-500 |
| Żvizzera | 1363-031 | Feldbach (Seegubel) | Kempraten/Feldbach | 47°14′19.66″N 8°47′45.96″E | 7.5 | 15.5 | 4000-1000 |
| Żvizzera | 1363-032 | Rapperswil-Jona–Technikum | Rapperswil | 47°13′14.21″N 8°48′56.55″E | 0.92 | 49.1 | 2000-1500 |
| Żvizzera | 1363-033 | Bleiche 2-3 | Arbon | 47°30′13.72″N 9°25′39.93″E | 2.37 | 5.84 | 3500-3000, 2000-1500 |
| Żvizzera | 1363-034 | Insel Werd | Eschenz | 47°39′18.87″N 8°52′1.19″E | 2.8 | 44.08 | 4000-2500, 1500-500 |
| Żvizzera | 1363-035 | Egelsee | Gachnang-Niederwil | 47°33′30.45″N 8°51′46.8″E | 2.97 | 5.94 | 4000-3500 |
| Żvizzera | 1363-036 | Nussbaumersee | Hüttwilen | 47°36′53.3″N 8°48′55.05″E | 3.66 | 16.86 | 5000-2500, 1000-500 |
| Żvizzera | 1363-037 | Pointe de Montbec I | Chabrey | 46°56′2.97″N 6°58′13.73″E | 1.78 | 8.04 | 1500-500 |
| Żvizzera | 1363-038 | La Bessime | Chevroux | 46°53′14.48″N 6°53′35.57″E | 1.07 | 22.1 | 4000-3500, 1000-500 |
| Żvizzera | 1363-039 | Village | Chevroux | 46°53′33.4″N 6°54′5.37″E | 1.54 | 38.4 | 3500-2000 |
| Żvizzera | 1363-040 | Stations de Concise | Corcelles-près-Concise | 46°50′47.16″N 6°42′57.51″E | 6.5 | 11.5 | 4000-2500 |
| Żvizzera | 1363-041 | Corcelettes Les Violes | Grandson | 46°49′4.99″N 6°40′5.27″E | 2.59 | 17.4 | 1500-500 |
| Żvizzera | 1363-042 | Les Roseaux | Morges | 46°30′54.16″N 6°30′30.17″E | 0.86 | 8.1 | 2000-1000 |
| Żvizzera | 1363-043 | Stations de Morges | Morges | 46°30′36.34″N 6°30′10.3″E | 2.12 | 7.91 | 2000-1000 |
| Żvizzera | 1363-044 | Chenevières de Guévaux I | Mur, now Vully-les-Lacs | 46°56′5.88″N 7°3′17.69″E | 1.04 | 9.73 | 2000-1500 |
| Żvizzera | 1363-045 | Baie de Clendy | Yverdon-les-Bains | 46°46′48.62″N 6°39′12.77″E | 1.87 | 38.7 | 4000-1500 |
| Żvizzera | 1363-046 | Le Marais | Yvonand | 46°47′57.64″N 6°45′11.82″E | 1.95 | 16.8 | 3500-2500, 1000-500 |
| Żvizzera | 1363-047 | Oterswil / Insel Eielen | Zug | 47°7′36.26″N 8°29′50.46″E | 0.45 | 10.82 | 3000-2000 |
| Żvizzera | 1363-048 | Riedmatt | Zug | 47°10′56.95″N 8°29′28.12″E | 0.28 | 2.61 | 3500-2500, 1500-1000 |
| Żvizzera | 1363-049 | Sumpf | Zug | 47°10′57.99″N 8°28′41.78″E | 1.55 | 7.5 | 1500-500 |
| Żvizzera | 1363-050 | Erlenbach–Winkel | Erlenbach | 47°17′49.91″N 8°35′46.31″E | 3.01 | 6.6 | 4000-1500, 1000-500 |
| Żvizzera | 1363-051 | Greifensee–Storen/Wildsberg | Greifensee | 47°21′37.8″N 8°40′51.51″E | 9.59 | 11.7 | 4000-2500 |
| Żvizzera | 1363-052 | Meilen–Rorenhaab | Meilen | 47°15′50.14″N 8°39′36.82″E | 0.7 | 4.8 | 4000–2500, 2000-1500, 1000-500 |
| Żvizzera | 1363-053 | Wädenswil–Vorder Au | Wädenswil | 47°14′48.88″N 8°39′11.64″E | 1.49 | 22.5 | 3500-1500 |
| Żvizzera | 1363-054 | Wetzikon-Robenhausen | Wetzikon | 47°20′9.05″N 8°47′8.16″E | 0.92 | 155 | 4000-2500, 2000-1500, 1000-500 |
| Żvizzera | 1363-055 | Zürich–Enge Alpenquai | Zürich | 47°21′52.06″N 8°32′19.47″E | 2.93 | 17.4 | 1500-500 |
| Żvizzera | 1363-056 | Grosser Hafner and Kleiner Hafner | Zürich | 47°21′58.19″N 8°32′38.66″E | 0.64 | 16.56 | 5000-1500, 1000-500 |
| Awstrija | 1363-057 | Keutschacher See | Keutschach | 46°35′13.27″N 14°9′34.06″E | 0.21 | 132.5 | 4000-3500, 1000-500 |
| Awstrija | 1363-058 | Abtsdorf I | Attersee | 47°53′40.96″N 13°32′1.07″E | 1.1 | 91.43 | 1500-1000 |
| Awstrija | 1363-059 | Abtsdorf III | Attersee | 47°53′35.56″N 13°31′59.34″E | 0.22 | 91.43 | 4000-3000 |
| Awstrija | 1363-060 | Litzlberg Süd | Seewalchen am Attersee | 47°56′3.66″N 13°33′16.99″E | 0.76 | 65.26 | 4000-3000 |
| Awstrija | 1363-061 | See | Mondsee | 47°48′13.97″N 13°26′57.41″E | 1.22 | 0.97 | 3500-3000 |
| Franza | 1363-062 | Le Grand Lac de Clairvaux | Clairvaux-les-Lacs | 46°34′16.28″N 5°44′58.88″E | 15.2 | 103.05 | 4000-500 |
| Franza | 1363-063 | Lac de Chalain, rive occidentale | Marigny, Doucier, Fontenu | 46°40′19.726″N 5°46′34.84″E | 50.65 | 96.83 | 5300-600 |
| Franza | 1363-064 | Lac d’Aiguebelette, zone sud | Aiguebelette-le-Lac, Saint-Alban-de-Montbel | 45°32′36.02″N 5°48′16.85″E | 0.64 | 42.87 | 3000-2500 |
| Franza | 1363-065 | Baie de Grésine | Brison-Saint-Innocent | 45°44′11.857″N 5°53′8.43″E | 4.09 | 31.5 | 1000-500 |
| Franza | 1363-066 | Baie de Châtillon | Chindrieux | 45°47′51.878″N 5°51′3.37″E | 0.91 | 7.6 | 1000-500 |
| Franza | 1363-067 | Hautecombe | Saint-Pierre-de-Curtille | 45°44′59.23″N 5°50′27.07″E | 2.03 | 5.7 | 3500-3000 |
| Franza | 1363-068 | Littoral de Tresserve | Tresserve | 45°41′2.681″N 5°53′34.15″E | 2.12 | 72.4 | 1000-500 |
| Franza | 1363-069 | Littoral de Chens-sur-Léman | Chens-sur-Léman | 46°19′16.068″N 6°15′21.42″E | 0.93 | 92.6 | 1500-500 |
| Franza | 1363-070 | Les Marais de Saint-Jorioz | Saint-Jorioz | 45°50′6.749″N 6°10′58.29″E | 0.49 | 4.3 | 4000–3500 |
| Franza | 1363-071 | Le Crêt de Chatillon | Sévrier | 45°51′37.4″N 6°9′19.8″E | 1.07 | 8.2 | 1500-500 |
| Franza | 1363-072 | Secteur des Mongets | Sévrier, Saint-Jorioz | 45°51′11.714″N 6°9′4.64″E | 0.13 | 63.2 | 2000-1500 |
| Ġermanja | 1363-073 | Wangen-Hinterhorn | Öhningen | 47°39′39.416″N 8°56′20.02″E | 2.56 | 3.2 | 4000-2500, 1500-500 |
| Ġermanja | 1363-074 | Hornstaad-Hörnle | Gaienhofen | 47°41′40.229″N 9°0′21.30″E | 13.11 | 72.4 | 4000-2500 |
| Ġermanja | 1363-075 | Allensbach-Strandbad | Allensbach | 47°42′35.132″N 9°4′47.33″E | 2.65 | 6.6 | 4000-2500 |
| Ġermanja | 1363-076 | Wollmatingen-Langenrain | Konstanz | 47°40′29.582″N 9°7′13.32″E | 1.55 | 83.7 | 1000-500 |
| Ġermanja | 1363-077 | Konstanz-Hinterhausen | Konstanz | 47°39′54.788″N 9°11′38.65″E | 4.15 | 4.12 | 4000-3500, 3000-2500 |
| Ġermanja | 1363-078 | Litzelstetten-Krähenhorn 32 | Konstanz | 47°43′28.823″N 9°10′44.23″E | 7.51 | 47.92 | 3960-3805 |
| Ġermanja | 1363-079 | Bodman-Schachen / Löchle | Bodman-Ludwigshafen | 47°48′52.11″N 9°2′23.11″E | 5.34 | 14.1 | 4000-3500, 3000-2500, 2000-1000 |
| Ġermanja | 1363-080 | Sipplingen-Osthafen | Sipplingen | 47°47′35.304″N 9°6′7.29″E | 4.61 | 6.23 | 3919-2417, 934-933 |
| Ġermanja | 1363-081 | Unteruhldingen-Stollenwiesen | Uhldingen-Mühlhofen | 47°43′15.258″N 9°13′42.18″E | 4.22 | 4.52 | 4000-3500, 3000-2500, 2000-500 |
| Ġermanja | 1363-082 | Ödenahlen | Alleshausen | 48°7′9.163″N 9°38′27.54″E | 0.97 | 58.02 | 4000-3500 |
| Ġermanja | 1363-083 | Grundwiesen | Alleshausen | 48°6′30.744″N 9°37′35.75″E | 0.54 | 3.42 | 3020-2700 |
| Ġermanja | 1363-084 | Siedlung Forschner | Bad Buchau | 48°3′17.492″N 9°38′25.92″E | 3.54 | 285.14 | 1767-1480 |
| Ġermanja | 1363-085 | Olzreute-Enzisholz | Bad Schussenried | 47°59′54.859″N 9°41′19.26″E | 1.82 | 20.62 | 3000-2500 |
| Ġermanja | 1363-086 | Schreckensee | Wolpertswende | 47°53′18.56″N 9°34′7.77″E | 1.06 | 7.05 | 3651-3263 |
| Ġermanja | 1363-087 | Ehrenstein | Blaustein | 48°24′38.707″N 9°55′23.68″E | 1.33 | 2.42 | 4000-3500 |
| Ġermanja | 1363-088 | Pestenacker | Weil | 48°8′48.044″N 10°56′52.29″E | 0.57 | 3.66 | 3495-3481 |
| Ġermanja | 1363-089 | Unfriedshausen | Geltendorf | 48°8′32.359″N 10°57′4.28″E | 0.79 | 7.69 | 3813-3535 |
| Ġermanja | 1363-090 | Roseninseln | Feldafing | 47°56′29.522″N 11°18′33.52″E | 15.16 | 34.3 | 5000-2500, 2000-500 |
| Italja | 1363-091 | Palù di Livenza – Santissima | Polcenigo | 46°1′18.268″N 12°28′52.13″E | 13.48 | 86.72 | 4766-4375, 3768-3538 |
| Italja | 1363-092 | Lavagnone | Desenzano del Garda | 45°26′11.094″N 10°32′14.68″E | 6.04 | 14.45 | 2500-1000 |
| Italja | 1363-093 | San Sivino, Gabbiano | Manerba del Garda | 45°32′7.944″N 10°33′27.94″E | 1.85 | 3.46 | 2500-1500 |
| Italja | 1363-094 | Lugana Vecchia | Sirmione | 45°27′30.121″N 10°38′36.8″E | 2.59 | 11.16 | 2500-1000 |
| Italja | 1363-095 | Lucone | Polpenazze del Garda | 45°33′3.326″N 10°29′17.19″E | 7.66 | 68.2 | 5000-3500, 2500-1500 |
| Italja | 1363-096 | Lagazzi del Vho | Piadena | 45°6′27.544″N 10°23′34.71″E | 2.77 | 18.46 | 2000-1500 |
| Italja | 1363-097 | Bande - Corte Carpani | Cavriana | 45°22′16.878″N 10°35′9.61″E | 7.33 | 36.4 | 2005-1959 |
| Italja | 1363-098 | Castellaro Lagusello - Fondo Tacoli | Monzambano | 45°22′9.343″N 10°38′3.13″E | 1.23 | 59.04 | 2000-1000 |
| Italja | 1363-099 | Isolino Virginia-Camilla-Isola di San Biagio | Biandronno | 45°48′43.25″N 8°43′5.02″E | 3.79 | 25.07 | 5000-1000 |
| Italja | 1363-100 | Bodio centrale o delle Monete | Bodio Lomnago | 45°47′47.152″N 8°45′20.19″E | 1.67 | 28.55 | 2000-1000 |
| Italja | 1363-101 | Il Sabbione o settentrionale | Cadrezzate | 45°47′58.625″N 8°38′55.64″E | 1.18 | 9.61 | 2000-1000 |
| Italja | 1363-102 | VI.1-Emissario | Viverone, Azeglio | 45°25′5.743″N 8°1′22.44″E | 5.86 | 852.77 | 2000-1000 |
| Italja | 1363-103 | Mercurago | Arona | 45°44′1.709″N 8°33′7.6″E | 5.16 | 270.06 | 2000-1000 |
| Italja | 1363-104 | Molina di Ledro | Ledro | 45°52′26.857″N 10°45′54.05″E | 0.78 | 2.31 | 1900-1300 |
| Italja | 1363-105 | Fiavé-Lago Carera | Fiavè | 45°59′24.346″N 10°49′51.55″E | 10.7 | 73.92 | 4000-3500, 2000-1000 |
| Italja | 1363-106 | Belvedere | Peschiera del Garda | 45°27′22.705″N 10°39′30.31″E | 2.52 | 12.46 | 2500-1500 |
| Italja | 1363-107 | Frassino | Peschiera del Garda | 45°26′5.168″N 10°39′47.51″E | 1.48 | 31.19 | 2000-1000 |
| Italja | 1363-108 | Tombola | Cerea | 45°10′46.348″N 11°12′40.5″E | 1.51 | 123.76 | 1500-1000 |
| Italja | 1363-109 | Laghetto della Costa | Arquà Petrarca | 45°16′10.844″N 11°44′32.68″E | 1.56 | 6.52 | 2500-1500 |
| Slovenja | 1363-110 | Kolišča na Igu, severna skupina | Ig | 45°58′32.318″N 14°31′46.19″E | 19.2 | 516.65 | 3000-1500 |
| Slovenja | 1363-111 | Kolišča na Igu, južna skupina | Ig | 45°58′14.221″N 14°32′29.84″E | 26.1 | 516.55 | 5000-2500 |
Sit ta’ Wirt Dinji
[immodifika | immodifika s-sors]
Il-111-il sit preistoriku bil-puntali madwar l-Alpi ġew iddeżinjati bħala Sit ta’ Wirt Dinji transkonfinali (sitt pajjiżi) tal-UNESCO fl-2011.[1]
Il-valur universali straordinarju tas-sit ġie rrikonoxxut abbażi ta’ żewġ kriterji tal-għażla tal-UNESCO: il-kriterju (iv) “Eżempju straordinarju ta’ tip ta’ bini, ta’ grupp ta’ siti jew ta’ pajsaġġ arkitettoniku jew teknoloġiku li joħroġ fid-dieher stadju/i sinifikanti fl-istorja tal-bniedem”; u l-kriterju (v) “Eżempju straordinarju ta’ insedjament uman tradizzjonali, ta’ użu tal-art jew ta’ użu tal-baħar, li jirrappreżenta kultura (jew kulturi), jew interazzjoni umana mal-ambjent, speċjalment meta jkun sar vulnerabbli minħabba l-impatt ta’ bidla irreversibbli”.[1]
Referenzi
[immodifika | immodifika s-sors]- ^ a b ċ d e Centre, UNESCO World Heritage. "Prehistoric Pile Dwellings around the Alps". UNESCO World Heritage Centre (bl-Ingliż). Miġbur 2021-04-04.
- ^ "Maša Štiftar de Arzu, ed. (14 October 2011). "Pile-dwellings in the Ljubljansko Barje on UNESCO List" (PDF). Embassy Newsletter" (PDF).