Iżlam Sunni

Ahl is-Sunna u l-Ġmiegħa jew Ahl is-Sunna jew l-Iżlam/Islam Sunni hija l-akbar fergħa tal-Iżlam, segwita minn 85–90% tal-Misilmin fid-dinja. Isimha ġej mill-kelma Sunna, li tirreferi għat-tradizzjoni ta' Muħammad.^[1] Id-differenzi bejn il-Misilmin is-Sunni u x-Xigħi ħarġu minn nuqqas ta' qbil dwar is-suċċessjoni ta' Muħammad u sussegwentement kisbu sinifikat politiku usa', kif wkoll dimensjonijiet teoloġiċi u ġuridiċi. Skont it-tradizzjonijiet Sunni, Muħammad ma ħalla l-ebda suċċessur u l-parteċipanti tal-avveniment Saqifa ħatru lil Abu Bakr bħala li jmiss fil-linja bħala l-ewwel il-Kalif (is-suċċessur).^[2]^[3] Dan jikkuntrasta mal-fehma x-Xigħa, li ssostni li Muħammad ħatar lirr-raġel ta’ bintu (Fatima) u l-kuġin tiegħu, Għali bin Abi Talib bħala l-Imam tal-Misilmin u s-suċċessur tiegħu.^[4]

Etimoloġija[immodifika | immodifika s-sors]

L-aderenti tal-Islam Sunni jissejħu bl-Għarbi: Ahl as-Sunnaẗ wal-Ġamāgħaẗ (أهل السنة والجماعة, jfisser "in-nies tas-Sunna u l-komunità/ġmiegħa") jew Ahl as-Sunnaẗ (أهل السنة) fil-qosor. Bl-Ingliż, id-duttrini u l-prattiċi tagħha kultant jissejħu Sunnism,^[5] filwaqt li l-aderenti huma magħrufa bħala Sunni, Sunni Muslim, Sunnite, u Ahlus Sunnah.

Bil-Malti, huwa imsejjaħ bħala Iżlam/Islam Sunnita jew Iżlam/Islam Sunni, filwaqt li l-aderenti huma magħrufa bħala sg. Sunni u pl. Sunnin (mill-Għarbi: sg. سُنِّيّ, Sunni, pl. سُنِّيُّون‎, Sunnijjūn), jew sg. Sunnita u pl. Sunniti.

L-Islam Sunni kultant jissejjaħ "Iżlam ortodoss",^[6]^[7]^[8] għalkemm xi studjużi jqisu din it-traduzzjoni bħala mhux xierqa.^[9]

Tagħlimiet[immodifika | immodifika s-sors]

Il-Koran, flimkien mal-Ħadit (speċjalment dawk miġbura Kotba S-Sitta) u l-kunsens ġuristiku vinkolanti, jiffurmaw il-bażi tal-ġurisprudenza tradizzjonali kollha fi ħdan l-Islam Sunni. Deċiżjonijiet mixx-Xarija huma derivati minn dawn is-sorsi bażiċi, flimkien ma' raġunament analogu, konsiderazzjoni tal-benesseri pubbliku u diskrezzjoni ġuristika, bl-użu tal-prinċipji tal-ġurisprudenza żviluppati mill-iskejjel legali tradizzjonali (sg. madhab, pl. madahib). Fi kwistjonijiet ta' twemmin jew kredu, it-tradizzjoni s-Sunni ssostni s-Sitt Pilastri tal-Imān (fidi/twemmin) u tinkludi l-iskejjel Axgħari u Maturidi ta' Kalam (teoloġija) kif wkoll l-iskola testwali magħrufa bħala teoloġija tradizzjonalista bħall-Atari.

Referenzi[immodifika | immodifika s-sors]

^ Oxford Islamic Studies. Arkivjat minn l-oriġinal fl-2010-10-28. Miġbur 2023-09-07.
^ Fitzpatrick, Coeli; Walker, Adam Hani (2014). Muhammad in History, Thought, and Culture: An Encyclopedia of the Prophet of God [2 volumes]. ABC-CLIO. p. 3. ISBN 978-1610691789.
^ Madelung, Wilferd (1997). The Succession to Muhammad. Cambridge University Press. p. xi. ISBN 0521646960.
^ Jafri, Syed Husain Mohammad (27 August 1976). The Origins and Early Development of Shi'a Islam (Millennium (Series)) (The Millennium (Series).). Karachi, Pakistan: Oxford University Press (First Published By Longman Group Ltd and Librairie du Liban 1979). pp. 19–21. ISBN 978-0195793871. The Shi'a unequivocally take the word in the meaning of leader, master and patron and therefore the explicitly nominated successor of the Prophet. The Sunnis, on the other hand, interpret the word mawla in the meaning of a friend or the nearest kin and confidant.
^ "Sunnism". -Ologies & -Isms. The Gale Group. Miġbur 5 October 2016.
^ John Richard Thackrah (2013). Dictionary of Terrorism (2, revised ed.). Routledge. p. 252. ISBN 978-1135165956.
^ The Status of Women Under Islamic Law and Modern Islamic Legislation (revised ed.). Brill. 2009. p. 11. ISBN 978-9004172739.
^ George W. Braswell (2000). What You Need to Know about Islam & Muslims (illustrated ed.). B&H Publishing Group. p. 62. ISBN 978-0805418293.
^ An Introduction to the Hadith. John Burton. Published by Edinburgh University Press. 1996. p. 201. Cite: "Sunni: Of or pertaining sunna, especially the Sunna of the Prophet. Used in conscious opposition to Shi'a, Shi'í. There being no ecclesia or centralized magisterium, the translation 'orthodox' is inappropriate. To the Muslim 'unorthodox' implies heretical, mubtadi, from bid'a, the contrary of sunna and so 'innovation'."

[1] Oxford Islamic Studies. Arkivjat minn l-oriġinal fl-2010-10-28. Miġbur 2023-09-07.

[FitzpatrickWalkerP3-2] Fitzpatrick, Coeli; Walker, Adam Hani (2014). Muhammad in History, Thought, and Culture: An Encyclopedia of the Prophet of God [2 volumes]. ABC-CLIO. p. 3. ISBN 978-1610691789.

[3] Madelung, Wilferd (1997). The Succession to Muhammad. Cambridge University Press. p. xi. ISBN 0521646960.

[4] Jafri, Syed Husain Mohammad (27 August 1976). The Origins and Early Development of Shi'a Islam (Millennium (Series)) (The Millennium (Series).). Karachi, Pakistan: Oxford University Press (First Published By Longman Group Ltd and Librairie du Liban 1979). pp. 19–21. ISBN 978-0195793871. The Shi'a unequivocally take the word in the meaning of leader, master and patron and therefore the explicitly nominated successor of the Prophet. The Sunnis, on the other hand, interpret the word mawla in the meaning of a friend or the nearest kin and confidant.

[5] "Sunnism". -Ologies & -Isms. The Gale Group. Miġbur 5 October 2016.

[6] John Richard Thackrah (2013). Dictionary of Terrorism (2, revised ed.). Routledge. p. 252. ISBN 978-1135165956.

[7] The Status of Women Under Islamic Law and Modern Islamic Legislation (revised ed.). Brill. 2009. p. 11. ISBN 978-9004172739.

[8] George W. Braswell (2000). What You Need to Know about Islam & Muslims (illustrated ed.). B&H Publishing Group. p. 62. ISBN 978-0805418293.

[9] An Introduction to the Hadith. John Burton. Published by Edinburgh University Press. 1996. p. 201. Cite: "Sunni: Of or pertaining sunna, especially the Sunna of the Prophet. Used in conscious opposition to Shi'a, Shi'í. There being no ecclesia or centralized magisterium, the translation 'orthodox' is inappropriate. To the Muslim 'unorthodox' implies heretical, mubtadi, from bid'a, the contrary of sunna and so 'innovation'."

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