Ara s-sors ta' Arkitettura

[[File:View_of_Santa_Maria_del_Fiore_in_Florence.jpg|alt=View of Florence showing the dome, which dominates everything around it. It is octagonal in plan and ovoid in section. It has wide ribs rising to the apex with red tiles in between and a marble lantern on top.|daqsminuri|Meta żied il-koppla mal- Katidral ta' Firenze ( [[Italja|l-Italja]] ) fil-bidu tas-seklu 15, il-perit Filippo Brunelleschi mhux biss ttrasforma l-bini u l-belt, iżda wkoll ir-rwol u l-istatus tal- [[Arkitett|perit]] .  ]]

'''L-arkitettura''' hija l-arti u t-teknika tad-disinn u l-bini, kif distinta mill-ħiliet assoċjati mal-kostruzzjoni. <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/architecture/Expression-of-technique|titlu=architecture – Expression of technique|sit=Britannica|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2022-09-21}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.britannica.com/topic/architecture/Expression-of-technique "architecture – Expression of technique"]. ''Britannica''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 September</span> 2022</span>.</cite></ref> Huwa kemm il-proċess kif ukoll il-prodott tat-tpinġija, il-konċepiment, <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Phases-of-an-architectural-project_fig2_225940863|titlu=Phases of an architectural project|isem=Leclercq|awtur=Pierre|isem2=Stéphane|awtur2=Safin|kunjom3=Delfosse|isem3=Vincent|data=October 2010|sit=Mixed-Reality Prototypes to Support Early Creative Design|doi=10.1007/978-1-84882-733-2_21|url-status=live|arkivju-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230418153621/https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Phases-of-an-architectural-project_fig2_225940863|arkivju-data=Apr 18, 2023|via=ResearchGate}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFPierreSafinDelfosse2010">Pierre, Leclercq; Safin, Stéphane; Delfosse, Vincent (October 2010). [https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Phases-of-an-architectural-project_fig2_225940863 "Phases of an architectural project"]. ''Mixed-Reality Prototypes to Support Early Creative Design''. [[Doi (identifikatur)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/978-1-84882-733-2_21|10.1007/978-1-84882-733-2_21]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230418153621/https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Phases-of-an-architectural-project_fig2_225940863 Archived] from the original on 18 April 2023 &#x2013; via ResearchGate.</cite></ref> l-ippjanar, id-disinn, u l-kostruzzjoni ta 'bini jew strutturi oħra . <ref>{{Ċita aħbar|titlu=architecture|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/architecture|url-status=live|pubblikazzjoni=Encyclopedia Britannica|arkivju-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171116140643/https://www.britannica.com/topic/architecture|arkivju-data=16 November 2017|data-aċċess=2017-10-27}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.britannica.com/topic/architecture "architecture"]. ''Encyclopedia Britannica''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20171116140643/https://www.britannica.com/topic/architecture Archived] from the original on 16 November 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 October</span> 2017</span>.</cite></ref> It-terminu ġej {{etymology|la|{{wikt-lang|la|architectura}}|}} ; {{etymology|grc|''{{wikt-lang|grc|ἀρχιτέκτων}}'' ({{grc-transl|ἀρχιτέκτων}})|architect}} ''( <span lang="grc-Latn" title="Ancient Greek transliteration">''arkhitéktōn''</span> )''&nbsp;<span data-ve-ignore="true">'perit'</span> ; {{etymology||''{{wikt-lang|grc|ἀρχι-}}'' ({{grc-transl|ἀρχι-}})|chief||''{{wikt-lang|grc|τέκτων}}'' ({{grc-transl|τέκτων}})|creator}} ''( <span lang="grc-Latn" title="Ancient Greek transliteration">''arkhi-''</span> )''&nbsp;<span data-ve-ignore="true">'kap',</span>&#x20;<span data-ve-ignore="true">u</span>&#x20;<span data-ve-ignore="true" lang="grc">[[wiktionary:τέκτων#Ancient_Greek|τέκτων]]</span> ''( <span lang="grc-Latn" title="Ancient Greek transliteration">''téktōn''</span> )''&nbsp;<span data-ve-ignore="true">'kreatur'</span> . Xogħlijiet arkitettoniċi, fil-forma materjali tal-bini, ħafna drabi huma pperċepiti bħala simboli kulturali u bħala xogħlijiet tal-arti . Iċ-ċiviltajiet storiċi ħafna drabi huma identifikati bil-kisbiet arkitettoniċi li baqgħu ħajjin. <ref>{{Ċita ktieb|kunjom=Pace|isem=Anthony|data=2004|kapitlu=Tarxien|titlu=Malta before History – The World's Oldest Free Standing Stone Architecture|pubblikatur=Miranda Publishers|isbn=978-9990985085}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFPace2004">Pace, Anthony (2004). "Tarxien". In Daniel Cilia (ed.). ''Malta before History – The World's Oldest Free Standing Stone Architecture''. Miranda Publishers. [[ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Speċjali:BookSources/978-9990985085|<bdi>978-9990985085</bdi>]].</cite></ref>

Il-prattika, li bdiet fl- [[Preistorja|era preistorika]], intużat bħala mod ta 'espressjoni tal [[Kultura|-kultura]] miċ-ċiviltajiet fis-seba' [[Kontinent|kontinenti]] kollha. <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.apartmenttherapy.com/cultural-architecture-homes-36642082|titlu=7 Things I Learned About "Home" from Talking to Architects on Every Continent|sit=Apartment Therapy|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2020-12-05|url-status=live|arkivju-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108002048/https://www.apartmenttherapy.com/cultural-architecture-homes-36642082|arkivju-data=8 November 2020}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.apartmenttherapy.com/cultural-architecture-homes-36642082 "7 Things I Learned About "Home" from Talking to Architects on Every Continent"]. ''Apartment Therapy''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20201108002048/https://www.apartmenttherapy.com/cultural-architecture-homes-36642082 Archived] from the original on 8 November 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> Għal din ir-raġuni, l-arkitettura hija meqjusa bħala forma ta ' [[arti]] . Testi dwar l-arkitettura ilhom miktuba minn żminijiet antiki. L-aktar test bikri li baqa’ ħaj dwar it-teoriji arkitettoniċi huwa t-trattat tal-1 seklu AD {{lang|la|[[De architectura]]}} mill-perit Ruman Vitruvius, li skontu bini tajjeb jinkorpora {{lang|la|firmitas, utilitas}}, u {{lang|la|venustas}} (durabilità, utilità, u sbuħija). Sekli wara, Leon Battista Alberti żviluppa aktar l-ideat tiegħu, billi jara s-sbuħija bħala kwalità oġġettiva tal-bini li tinsab fil-proporzjonijiet tagħhom. Fis-seklu 19, Louis Sullivan iddikjara li " forma ssegwi l-funzjoni ". "Funzjoni" bdiet tissostitwixxi l-"utilità" klassika u kienet mifhuma li tinkludi mhux biss dimensjonijiet prattiċi iżda wkoll estetiċi, psikoloġiċi u kulturali. L-idea ta ' arkitettura sostenibbli ġiet introdotta fl-aħħar tas-seklu 20.

L-arkitettura bdiet bħala arkitettura vernakulari rurali orali li żviluppat minn prova u żball għal replikazzjoni b'suċċess. L-arkitettura urbana tal-qedem kienet imħassba bil-bini ta’ strutturi reliġjużi u bini li jissimbolizza l-poter politiku tal-ħakkiema sakemm l-arkitettura Griega u Rumana bidlet l-attenzjoni għall-virtujiet ċiviċi. L-arkitettura Indjana u Ċiniża influwenzat forom madwar l-Asja kollha u l-arkitettura Buddista b'mod partikolari ħadet togħmiet lokali diversi. Matul il- [[Medjuevu|Medju Evu]], ħarġu stili pan-Ewropej ta’ katidrali u abbazi Romanesk u Gotiku filwaqt li r- Rinaxximent iffavorixxi forom Klassiċi implimentati minn [[Arkitett|periti]] magħrufa b’isimhom. Aktar tard, ir-rwoli tal-periti u l-inġiniera saru separati.

L-arkitettura moderna bdiet wara [[l-Ewwel Gwerra Dinjija]] bħala moviment ta’ avantgarde li fittex li jiżviluppa stil kompletament ġdid xieraq għal ordni soċjali u ekonomiku ġdid ta’ wara l-gwerra ffukat fuq li jissodisfa l-bżonnijiet tal-klassijiet tan-nofs u tax-xogħol. Saret enfasi fuq tekniki moderni, materjali, u forom ġeometriċi simplifikati, li twitti t-triq għal sovrastrutturi għoljin. Ħafna periti saru diżillużi bil-moderniżmu li qiesu bħala aistoriku u anti-estetiku, u żviluppat arkitettura postmoderna u kontemporanja . Matul is-snin, il-qasam tal-kostruzzjoni arkitettoniku ramifikat biex jinkludi kollox mid-disinn tal-vapuri sad-dekorazzjoni ta 'ġewwa.